📂 Navigation & File System

• cd – Change Directory

Moves between folders.

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cd C:\Users\YourName\Documents
cd ..        :: Move up one directory
cd \         :: Jump to the root of the drive

• dir – Directory Listing

Lists files and folders in the current directory.

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dir
dir /a       :: Show hidden/system files
dir /s       :: Show files in all subdirectories

• cls – Clear Screen

Wipes the CMD window.

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cls

📄 File & Folder Management

• mkdir or md – Make Directory

Creates a new folder.

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mkdir Projects

• rmdir or rd – Remove Directory

Deletes a folder (empty by default).

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rmdir Projects
rmdir /s Projects   :: Deletes folder + contents

• copy – Copy File(s)

Copies files from one place to another.

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copy report.txt C:\Backup\

• robocopy – Extended Copy (files + directories)
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robocopy C:\Data D:\Backup /e /copyall

• move – Move or Rename File
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move oldname.txt newname.txt

• del – Delete File

Removes a file permanently.

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del file.txt
del *.tmp       :: Deletes all .tmp files

⚙️ System Information & Utilities

• echo – Print text to screen
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echo Hello, World!

• ipconfig – Show network configuration
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ipconfig
ipconfig /all
ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew

• ping – Test connectivity
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ping google.com

• tasklist – List running processes
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tasklist

• taskkill – Kill a process by name or PID
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taskkill /im notepad.exe /f

• systeminfo – Get system details
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systeminfo

• hostname – Displays computer’s hostname
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hostname

🔍 Searching & Filtering

• find – Search inside files or output
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find "error" logfile.txt

• findstr – More advanced search (regex supported)
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findstr /i "warning" logfile.txt

• Pipes (|) – Send output of one command into another
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ipconfig | find "IPv4"

📦 Batch File Basics

• Create a script file (.bat or .cmd) to automate commands:
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@echo off
echo Backing up Documents...
xcopy C:\Users\YourName\Documents D:\Backup /e /h /i
echo Done!
pause

🛡️ Useful Admin Tools

• chkdsk – Check disk for errors
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chkdsk C:

• sfc – System File Checker (repairs system files)
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sfc /scannow

• net user – Manage local users
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net user
net user NewUser MyPassword123 /add

• shutdown – Shut down or restart computer
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shutdown /s /f /t 0   :: Shutdown immediately
shutdown /r /t 0      :: Restart immediately

✅ Quick Reference Cheat Sheet